CONTENTS

coronation (1027) ; acquisition of the Burgundian king-
dom ; recovery of German authority in Poland ; unsuc-
cessful conflict with Hungary ; Bohemian revolt over-
come ; alliance with Canute the Great ; Conrad's policy
of linking Italy with Germany ; civil war between the
capitanei and the valvassorcs ; Conrad's settlement in
favour of the valvassores ; revolt of the archbishop of
Milan ; Conrad in South Italy ; his death ; Henry III
(1039—56) ; Bohemian revolt overcome ; Hungary
recognises German overlordship ; Henry III and the
duchies ; revolt of Godfrey of Upper Lorraine ; the
prospect in 1046 ; the situation at Rome ; Henry comes
to Rome ; the reform of the Papacy ; South Italy and its
divisions ; the coming of the Normans ; the family of
Tancred de Hautcville

IV. FRANCE, 911-1050 93

Weakness of the monarchy in France ; the separntcncss of
the South ; Aquitninc ; Gascony, Toulouse, Barcelona ;
the northern half of the kingdom ; Brittany, Normandy,
Flanders, Burgundy ; the imircli of Neustria ; Charles the
Simple and .Lorraine ; Robert of Neuslria rival-king;
the reign of Riioul of Burgundy ; condition of the king-
dom ; improvement during Raoul's reign ; Hugh the
Great of Neustria and king Louis IV ; the intervention of
Otto I ; the reign of Lot liar ; his ambition in Lorraine ;
the end of the Carolinian line in France ; accession of
Hugh Capet (l)H7) ; the Cupeliun dynasty and hereditary
succession; advantages of the Capetians over their
Carolingiari predecessors ; causes of continued weakness
of the monarchy ; alliance of Hugh Capet with Normandy ;
conilict -with surviving Carolingians leads to quarrel with
Papacy; Robert II (990-1031); con lliet with the Papacy
over his marriage ; weakness of his government ; vin-
dicates his claim to the duchy of lUirgundy ; relations
with Germany ; Henry I (lOIU-GO) ; cedes Burgundy
to his brother ; the growing power of Anjou ; alliance of
Henry with Normandy against Anjou ; Henry's volte
face ; its consequences

V* THE REVIVAL, OF CHRISTIANITY 11O

Kffccts on the Church of the political disasters of the ninth
and tenth centuries ; the progress towards recovery ;
advance of Christianity against paganism ; the expulsion
of the Moslems from France and Italy ; the Caliphate of
Cordova (929-1031) ; beginnings of the Uecomniest;
the Christian kingdoms in Spain ; Church reform ; the
monasteries ; Chmy in the tenth century ; Lorraine in
the tenth century ; the Cluniac movement in the eleventh
century ; the movement in Lorraine in the eleventh
century ; its influence elsewhere ; reform of the secular
clergy ; its direction not due to Chmy; hut to lay
rulers and bishops ; simony; clerical marriage ; lay
control ; the Trttce and the Peace of God ; luck of central
organisation ; papal authority in law an<l precedent ;
the character of Church law ; the influence of the Chmiae
movement; the reform of the